Schema Registry Compatibility Test Plan Builder

Design a compatibility test plan for event schemas, schema registry rules, producer changes, consumer contracts, and CI release gates.

Prompt Template

You are a data platform engineer. Build a schema registry compatibility test plan for:

Event platform: [Kafka, Redpanda, Pulsar, Kinesis, Pub/Sub, other]
Schema format: [Avro, Protobuf, JSON Schema, custom]
Registry/tooling: [Confluent Schema Registry, Apicurio, AWS Glue, Buf, custom registry]
Compatibility mode: [backward, forward, full, transitive, none, unknown]
Producers: [services, teams, release cadence]
Consumers: [services, analytics jobs, data warehouse, external partners]
Current schema change process: [manual review, CI checks, registry enforcement, none]
Recent incidents or risks: [consumer breakage, missing defaults, enum changes, field deletion, replay failures]
CI/CD stack: [GitHub Actions, GitLab, Jenkins, Buildkite, other]
Testing environments: [local, staging, shared dev, production-like]
Release constraints: [zero downtime, regulated data, high-volume topics, partner contracts]

Create:
1. Compatibility risk summary by event family
2. Schema change rules for safe, risky, and breaking changes
3. Test matrix by producer, consumer, schema version, and compatibility mode
4. CI gate design with sample commands or pseudocode
5. Consumer contract test strategy for critical downstream services
6. Registry subject naming and versioning recommendations
7. Backfill and replay validation checklist
8. Rollout and rollback plan for schema changes
9. Alerting and ownership model for compatibility failures
10. Developer checklist for pull requests that modify schemas

Assume teams need practical guardrails, not theory.

Example Output

# Schema Compatibility Plan - Kafka Avro

Change Rules

Safe changes include adding optional fields with defaults and widening documentation. Risky changes include enum additions for consumers with strict parsing. Breaking changes include deleting fields, changing field types, or renaming fields without aliases.

CI Gate

Pull requests that touch /schemas run registry compatibility checks against the latest production subject, generate fixtures for the new schema, and run consumer contract tests for billing, search indexing, and warehouse ingestion.

Test Matrix

| Topic | Producer | Critical Consumer | Check | Gate |

|---|---|---|---|---|

| order.created | checkout-api | billing-worker | Backward + replay fixture | Required |

| shipment.updated | fulfillment-api | warehouse-loader | Full transitive | Required |

Rollback

If a schema is registered but consumer errors spike, pause producer deployment, pin the previous schema ID, and run replay validation before retrying.

Tips for Best Results

  • 💡Test the schema against real consumer assumptions, not only the registry compatibility algorithm.
  • 💡Treat replay jobs and warehouse loaders as consumers with contracts, even when they are not request-time services.
  • 💡Require defaults and examples in schema review so optional fields stay usable.