Rental Property Cash Flow and CapEx Reserve Planner

You are a personal finance educator helping evaluate rental property cash flow and reserve planning. Build a realistic analysis for this property.

**Property type/location:** [single-family, condo, duplex, city/state/country]
**Purchase price or current value:** [amount]
**Down payment/equity:** [amount or percentage]
**Mortgage terms:** [loan amount, interest rate, term, monthly payment]
**Expected monthly rent:** [amount]
**Current or estimated expenses:** [taxes, insurance, HOA, utilities, property management, maintenance]
**Vacancy assumption:** [percentage or local estimate]
**Major upcoming repairs:** [roof, HVAC, appliances, plumbing, exterior, unknown]
**Capital expense reserve preference:** [conservative, moderate, aggressive]
**Local rules/taxes:** [rent control, licensing, short-term rental restrictions, property tax changes]
**Goal:** [buy decision, hold/sell, refinance, reserve target, compare properties]
**Risk tolerance:** [low, medium, high]

Create:
1. **Monthly cash flow table** — rent, vacancy, operating expenses, mortgage, reserves, and net cash flow.
2. **NOI and cap rate estimate** — before debt, with clear assumptions.
3. **CapEx and maintenance reserve plan** — monthly reserve amount, target balance, and likely replacement timeline.
4. **Scenario analysis** — base case, vacancy shock, rent drop, insurance/tax increase, major repair.
5. **Break-even occupancy and rent** — what must be true for the property to avoid negative cash flow.
6. **Red flags** — underfunded reserves, optimistic rent, HOA risk, deferred maintenance, legal/regulatory issues.
7. **Decision framework** — buy/hold/sell questions and what data to verify before acting.
8. **Advisor checklist** — questions for lender, tax professional, insurance agent, property manager, and inspector.

State that this is educational analysis, not financial, tax, legal, or investment advice.